Secure Socket Layer (SSL)

Secure Socket Layer (SSL)

Secure Socket Layer (SSL) provide security to the data that is transferred between web browser and server. SSL encrypt the link between a web server and a browser which ensures that all data passed between them remain private and free from attack.
Secure Socket Layer Protocols:
  • SSL record protocol
  • Handshake protocol
  • Change-cipher spec protocol
  • Alert protocol
SSL Protocol Stack:



SSL Record Protocol:
SSL Record provide two services to SSL connection.
  • Confidentiality
  • Message Integerity
In SSL Record Protocol application data is divided into fragments. The fragment is compressed and then encrypted MAC (Message Authentication Code) generated by algorithms like SHA (Secure Hash Protocol) and MD5 (Message Digest) is appended. After that encryption of the data is done and in last SSL header is appended to the data.



Handshake Protocol:
Handshake Protocol is used to establish sessions. This protocol allow client and server to authenticate each other by sending a series of messages to each other. Handshake protocol uses four phases to complete its cycle.
  • Phase-1: In Phase-1 both Client and Server send hello-packets to each other. In this IP session, cipher suite and protocol version are exchanged for security purpose.
  • Phase-2: Server send his certificate and Server-key-exchange. Server end the phase-2 by sending Server-hello-end packet.
  • Phase-3: In this phase Client reply to the server by sending his certificate and Client-exchange-key.
  • Phase-4: In Phase-4 Change-cipher suite occurred and after this Handshake Protocol ends.
Change-cipher Protocol:
This protocol uses SSL record protocol. Unless Handshake Protocol is completed, the SSL record Output will be in pending state. After handshake protocol the Pending state is converted into Current state.
Change-cipher protocol consists of single message which is 1 byte in length and can have only one value. This protocol purpose is to cause the pending state to be copied into current state.

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