MIME

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) Protocol

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) is a standard which was proposed by Bell Communications in 1991 in order to expand limited capabilities of email.
MIME is a kind of add on or a supplementary protocol which allows non-ASCII data to be sent through SMTP. It allows the users to exchange different kinds of data files on the Internet: audio, video, images, application programs as well.
Why do we need MIME?
Limitations of Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP):
  1. SMTP has a very simple structure
  2. It’s simplicity however comes with a price as it only send messages in NVT 7-bit ASCII format.
  3. It cannot be used for languages that do not support 7-bit ASCII format such as- French, German, Russian, Chinese and Japanese, etc. so it cannot be transmitted using SMTP. So, in order to make SMTP more broad we use MIME.
  4. t cannot be used to send binary files or video or audio data.MIME

Features of MIME –
  1. It is able to send multiple attachments with a single message.
  2. Unlimited message length.
  3. Binary attachments (executables, images, audio, or video files) which may be divided if needed.
  4. MIME provided support for varying content types and multi-part messages.
Working of MIME –
Suppose a user wants to send an email through user agent and it is in a non-ASCII format so there is a MIME protocol which converts it into 7-bit NVT ASCII format. Message is transferred through e-mail system to the other side in 7-bit format now MIME protocol again converts it back into non-ASCII code and now the user agent of receiver side reads it and then information is finally read by the receiver. MIME header is basically inserted at the beginning of any e-mail transfer.

MIME Header:
It is added to the original e-mail header section to define transformation. There are five headers which we add to the original header:
  1. MIME Version – Defines version of MIME protocol. It must have the parameter Value 1.0, which indicates that message is formatted using MIME.
  2. Content Type – Type of data used in the body of message. They are of different types like text data (plain, HTML), audio content or video content.
  3. Content Type Encoding – It defines the method used for encoding the message. Like 7-bit encoding, 8-bit encoding, etc.
  4. Content Id – It is used for uniquely identifying the message.
  5. Content description – It defines whether the body is actually image, video or audio.

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