Hard disk
A Drive is a medium that is capable of storing and reading information that is not easily removed like a disk
A hard disk drive (sometimes abbreviated as Hard drive, HD, or HDD) is a non-volatile memory hardware device that permanently stores and retrieves data on a computer. A hard drive is a secondary storage device that consists of one or more platters to which data is written using a magnetic head, all inside of an air-sealed casing. Internal hard disks reside in a drive bay,
History of the hard drive
The first hard drive was introduced to the market by IBM on September 13, 1956. The hard drive was first used in the RAMAC 305 system, with a storage capacity of 5 MB and a cost of about $50,000 ($10,000 per megabyte). The hard drive was built-in to the computer and was not removable.
In 1963, IBM developed the first removable hard drive, having a 2.6 MB storage capacity.
The first hard drive to have a storage capacity of one gigabyte was also developed by IBM in 1980. It weighed 550 pounds and cost $40,000.
It Started With RAMAC
IBM made the first commercial hard disk drive-based computer and called it RAMAC – short for “Random Access Method of Accounting And Control.” Its storage system was called the IBM 350. RAMAC was big – it required an entire room to operate. The hard disk drive storage system alone was about the size of two refrigerators. Inside were stacked 50 24-inch platters. For that, RAMAC customers ended up with less than 5 MB
What is stored on a hard drive?
A hard drive can be used to store any data, including pictures, music, videos, text documents, and any files created or downloaded. Also, hard drives store files for the operating system and software programs that run on the computer.
What are the sizes of hard drives?
The hard drive is typically capable of storing more data than any other drive, but its size can vary depending on the type of drive and its age. Older hard drives had a storage size of several hundred megabytes (MB) to several gigabytes (GB). Newer hard drives have a storage size of several hundred gigabytes to several terabytes (TB). Each year, new and improved technology allows for increasing hard drive storage sizes.
How is data read and stored on a hard drive?
Data sent to and read from the hard drive is interpreted by the disk controller, which tells the hard drive what to do and how to move the components in the drive. When the operating system needs to read or write information, it examines the hard drive's File Allocation Table (FAT) to determine file location and available write areas. Once they have been determined, the disk controller instructs the actuator to move the read/write arm and align the read/write head. Because files are often scattered throughout the platter, the head needs to move to different locations to access all information.
All information stored on a traditional hard drive, like the above example, is done magnetically. After completing the above steps, if the computer needs to read information from the hard drive, it would read the magnetic polarities on the platter. One side of the magnetic polarity is 0, and the other is 1. Reading this as binary data, the computer can understand what the data is on the platter. For the computer to write information to the platter, the read/write head aligns the magnetic polarities, writing 0's and 1's that can be read later
Components of Hard disk
1)Platter
One or more aluminum, glass, or ceramic disk that is coated in a magnetic media and is located within a hard drive to permanently store all your computer's data. When the computer is turned on, these platters will begin to rotate at so many rotations per minute (RPM).data is stored in tracks, sectors, and cylinders on each platter.
Sector - A division of a storage medium on a hard drive or diskette that is a wedge shaped section of one of the circular tracks.
Track - A track is also a data storage ring on a computer floppy diskette or hard drive that is capable of storing information
A cylinder is two corresponding tracks on a fixed disk.
Cylinder-Head-Sector, CHS is a computer access mode that assigns addresses to data on computer hard drives. This access mode was used with early hard drives (hard drives below 550 MB before 1990). Today, this mode has been replaced with ECHS and LBA
ECHS is short for Extended CHS and is an access mode used by computers to assign addresses to data on a hard drive that is larger than 504 MB. Although this mode does allow a computer to have a larger hard drive, today this mode has been replaced with other modes such as LBA.
Large Block Addressing, LBA allows a computer to access hard drives larger than 528 MB.
How many platters are in a hard drive?
The number of platters in a hard drive depend on the physical size of the hard drive, its capacity, how many sectors, and its manufacturer. Therefore there is no set number of platters in a computer hard drive. However, all modern hard drives have two or more platters in a hard drive and if the drive is an SSD, it has no platters.
2) Read Write Head
A read/write head or RW head is a device found on the arm of a hard drive that is used to read and write data from the hard drive's disk platter. Hard drives usually have one read/write head for each platter side
3) Actuator
An actuator is an electronic device controlled by a motor that moves the hard drive head arm. In the past, the actuator within a hard drive was controlled by a stepper motor.
4) Spindle Moter
It moves and control the platter
5) Actuator Arm
The access arm adjusts the read/write heads to facilitate the reading, writing, or deletion of information.
6) Spindle
Spindle is what holds a hard drives platters in place
7) Disk Controller
Printed circuitry that contains the necessary instructions for disk drives. The disk controller is responsible for such drives as the hard drive,
A hard disk drive (sometimes abbreviated as Hard drive, HD, or HDD) is a non-volatile memory hardware device that permanently stores and retrieves data on a computer. A hard drive is a secondary storage device that consists of one or more platters to which data is written using a magnetic head, all inside of an air-sealed casing. Internal hard disks reside in a drive bay,
History of the hard drive
The first hard drive was introduced to the market by IBM on September 13, 1956. The hard drive was first used in the RAMAC 305 system, with a storage capacity of 5 MB and a cost of about $50,000 ($10,000 per megabyte). The hard drive was built-in to the computer and was not removable.
In 1963, IBM developed the first removable hard drive, having a 2.6 MB storage capacity.
The first hard drive to have a storage capacity of one gigabyte was also developed by IBM in 1980. It weighed 550 pounds and cost $40,000.
It Started With RAMAC
IBM made the first commercial hard disk drive-based computer and called it RAMAC – short for “Random Access Method of Accounting And Control.” Its storage system was called the IBM 350. RAMAC was big – it required an entire room to operate. The hard disk drive storage system alone was about the size of two refrigerators. Inside were stacked 50 24-inch platters. For that, RAMAC customers ended up with less than 5 MB
What is stored on a hard drive?
A hard drive can be used to store any data, including pictures, music, videos, text documents, and any files created or downloaded. Also, hard drives store files for the operating system and software programs that run on the computer.
What are the sizes of hard drives?
The hard drive is typically capable of storing more data than any other drive, but its size can vary depending on the type of drive and its age. Older hard drives had a storage size of several hundred megabytes (MB) to several gigabytes (GB). Newer hard drives have a storage size of several hundred gigabytes to several terabytes (TB). Each year, new and improved technology allows for increasing hard drive storage sizes.
How is data read and stored on a hard drive?
Data sent to and read from the hard drive is interpreted by the disk controller, which tells the hard drive what to do and how to move the components in the drive. When the operating system needs to read or write information, it examines the hard drive's File Allocation Table (FAT) to determine file location and available write areas. Once they have been determined, the disk controller instructs the actuator to move the read/write arm and align the read/write head. Because files are often scattered throughout the platter, the head needs to move to different locations to access all information.
All information stored on a traditional hard drive, like the above example, is done magnetically. After completing the above steps, if the computer needs to read information from the hard drive, it would read the magnetic polarities on the platter. One side of the magnetic polarity is 0, and the other is 1. Reading this as binary data, the computer can understand what the data is on the platter. For the computer to write information to the platter, the read/write head aligns the magnetic polarities, writing 0's and 1's that can be read later
Components of Hard disk
1)Platter
One or more aluminum, glass, or ceramic disk that is coated in a magnetic media and is located within a hard drive to permanently store all your computer's data. When the computer is turned on, these platters will begin to rotate at so many rotations per minute (RPM).data is stored in tracks, sectors, and cylinders on each platter.
Sector - A division of a storage medium on a hard drive or diskette that is a wedge shaped section of one of the circular tracks.
Track - A track is also a data storage ring on a computer floppy diskette or hard drive that is capable of storing information
A cylinder is two corresponding tracks on a fixed disk.
Cylinder-Head-Sector, CHS is a computer access mode that assigns addresses to data on computer hard drives. This access mode was used with early hard drives (hard drives below 550 MB before 1990). Today, this mode has been replaced with ECHS and LBA
ECHS is short for Extended CHS and is an access mode used by computers to assign addresses to data on a hard drive that is larger than 504 MB. Although this mode does allow a computer to have a larger hard drive, today this mode has been replaced with other modes such as LBA.
Large Block Addressing, LBA allows a computer to access hard drives larger than 528 MB.
How many platters are in a hard drive?
The number of platters in a hard drive depend on the physical size of the hard drive, its capacity, how many sectors, and its manufacturer. Therefore there is no set number of platters in a computer hard drive. However, all modern hard drives have two or more platters in a hard drive and if the drive is an SSD, it has no platters.
2) Read Write Head
A read/write head or RW head is a device found on the arm of a hard drive that is used to read and write data from the hard drive's disk platter. Hard drives usually have one read/write head for each platter side
3) Actuator
An actuator is an electronic device controlled by a motor that moves the hard drive head arm. In the past, the actuator within a hard drive was controlled by a stepper motor.
4) Spindle Moter
It moves and control the platter
5) Actuator Arm
The access arm adjusts the read/write heads to facilitate the reading, writing, or deletion of information.
6) Spindle
Spindle is what holds a hard drives platters in place
7) Disk Controller
Printed circuitry that contains the necessary instructions for disk drives. The disk controller is responsible for such drives as the hard drive,
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