Protocol


Protocol is a standard used to define a method of exchanging data over a computer network

DHCP
 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, DHCP is a protocol used to assign an IP address to a computer or device that has been connected to a network automatically. Routers, switches, or servers that use DHCP to assign addresses to other computers can make setup and management easier for the network administrator.
               
FTP
File Transfer Protocol, FTP is the most common way of sending and receiving files between two computers. A good example of how FTP is used today is by web developers, who connect to their web server using an FTP program (e.g., FileZilla) and send updated versions of their web pages to the server.

HTTP
HyperText Transfer Protocol, HTTP is a set of standards that allow users of the World Wide Web to exchange information found on web pages.
·  The term HTTP was coined by Ted Nelson.
·  The standard port for HTTP connections is port 80.
·  HTTP/0.9 was the first version of the HTTP, and was introduced in 1991.

HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, HTTPS is a protocol which uses HTTP on a connection encrypted by transport-layer security. HTTPS is used to protect transmitted data from eavesdropping. It is the default protocol for conducting financial transactions on the web
HTTPS uses port 443 to transfer its information.

ERROR CODE
01 (Moved permanently)
302 (Moved temporarily)
304 (Loaded Cached copy)
307 (Internal redirect)
400 (Bad request)
401 (Authorization required)
402 (Payment required)
403 (Forbidden)
404 (Not found)
405 (Method not allowed)
406 (Not acceptable)
407 (Proxy authentication required)
408 (Request timeout)
409 (Conflict)
410 (Gone)
411 (Length required)
412 (Precondition failed)
413 (Request entity too large)
414 (Request URI too large)

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a standard security protocol for establishing encrypted links between a web server and a browser in an online communication

History. Netscape Communications created HTTPS in 1994 for its Netscape Navigator web browser. Originally, HTTPS was used with the SSL protocol.

ICMP
ICMP is an extension to the Internet Protocol defined by RFC 792 and an error reporting protocol for 
TCP/IP messages. Most users are familiar with ICMP from using the Ping command.
IP
Internet Protocol (IP) is the fundamental protocol for communications on the Internet. It specifies the way information is packetized, addressed, transferred, routed, and received by networked devices.
Its development began in 1974, led by computer scientists Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf. It is frequently used in conjunction with the Transmission Control Protocol, or TCP. Together they are referred to as TCP/IP.

L2TP
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, L2TP is a tunneling, Session Layer protocol, using the UDP port 1701 on a Virtual Private Network (VPN). It does not include any encryption and relies on other methods to provide data security and privacy

NETBEUI
NETBios Enhanced User Interface, NetBEUI was originally developed by IBM in 1985 as an enhanced version of the NetBIOS protocol. NetBEUI is used by network operating systems as a form of communicating with other computers utilizing the same protocol.

OSPF
Open Shortest Path First, OSPF is an IP link-state network routing protocol that helps determine the most efficient path to the next hop in a network


POP
Post Office Protocol, POP or POP mail is one of the most commonly used protocols used to receive e-mail on many e-mail clients. There are two different versions of POP: POP2 and POP3. POP2 was an early standard of POP that was only capable of receiving e-mail and required SMTP to send e-mail. POP3 is the latest standard and can send and receive e-mail only using POP, but can also be used to receive e-mail and then use SMTP to send e-mail.

PPPOE
Point-to-Point over Ethernet, PPPoE is defined in RFC 2516 and is commonly used with cable, DSL, etc. to connect to the Internet using the PPP and Ethernet protocols.

PPP

Point-to-Point Protocol, PPP is a communication protocol that enables a user to utilize their dial-up connection (commonly a modem) to connect to other network protocols like TCP/IP and IPX

RDP
Remote Desktop Protocol, RDP is the protocol that enables Remote Desktop Connection to communicate with Microsoft Terminal Services. The Remote Desktop Protocol is commonly accessed through port 3389.

SSH
Secure Shell, SSH (developed by SSH Communications Security Ltd.) is a secure protocol for remote logins. Using an SSH client, a user can connect to a server to transfer information in a more secure manner than other methods, such as telnet

SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, SMTP is an Internet standard for the sending of e-mail messages over port 25. While it is mostly used for transfer from one mail server to another, some client mail applications use SMTP for relaying messages; whereas receiving happens via POP or IMAP.

SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol, SNMP was first introduced in 1988 and is a query, command, and response protocol. SNMP examines and changes configuration parameters of LAN and WAN connected repeaters, bridges, routers, switches, and other devices connected to a network.

TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, TCP/IP is a set of rules (protocols) governing communications among all computers on the Internet. More specifically, TCP/IP dictates how information should be packaged (turned into bundles of information called packets), sent, and received, as well as how to get to its destination. TCP/IP was developed in 1978 and driven by Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf.

FTP
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard Internet protocol for transmitting files between computers on the Internet over TCP/IP connections.


What are the different layers of TCP/IP?
There are four total layers of TCP/IP protocol, each of which is listed below with a brief description.
  • Network Access Layer - This layer is concerned with building packets.
  • Internet Layer - This layer uses Internet Protocol (IP) to describe how packets are to be delivered.
  • Transport Layer - This layer utilizes User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to ensure the proper transmission of data.
  • Application Layer - This layer deals with application network processes. These processes include File Transfer Protocol (FTP), HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
UDP
User Datagram Protocol and defined in RFC 768, UDP is an alternative protocol to the TCP/IP that runs on top of IP and is sometimes referred to as UDP/IP. Unlike TCP/IP, UDP does not divide each transmission into packets, which allows for a faster transmission. However, UDP does not provide error checking.

VOIP
IP telephone or Internet phone, VoIP is short for Voice over Internet Protocol, and it enables users to make calls over the Internet. To make a call, a telephone is connected to a network cable, rather than a phone line, or a call is made over a computer. VoIP allows long distance phone calls to be cheaper, although sometimes with lower audio quality.


ARP
Address Resolution Protocol, ARP is used with the IP for mapping a 32-bit Internet Protocol address to a MAC address that is recognized in the local network specified in RFC 826. Once recognized, the server or networking device returns a response containing the required address.

Packet switching and circuit switching
are two networking methods for transferring data between two nodes or hosts. For a
 packet-switched network, data is transferred by dividing the data into individual packets and passing it through the circuits to the other host. In packet-switched networks, the route is not exclusively determined when the packets hit the wire.
  • ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
  • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
  • IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol)
  • SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
  • RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol)
  • RLP (Resource Location Protocol)
  • RAP (Route Access Protocol)
  • L2TP (Layer Two Tunnelling Protocol)
  • PPTP (Point To Point Tunnelling Protocol)
  • SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
  • TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

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